Describe the two ways that bones grow and develop

The skeleton is formed from cartilage and bone, two of the strongest and most supportive tissues in the body. Most bones develop using hyaline cartilage structures as their 'models.' These supporting structures are then replaced by bone tissue. Epiphyseal plates persist to provide for longitudinal growth of long bones during childhood and become inactive when they grow older. Bones change in shape in time. This remodeling occurs in response to hormones and mechanical stresses acting on the skeleton.


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Describe three treatments that can be used on broken bones? How is each used?

When bones are broken, an X ray is used to confirm the diagnosis. It is also used to view the type of fracture and the degree of displacement and misalignment. The first aim in treatment is to see that bone ends that abut each other are aligned so when the fracture heals, the bone will retain its previous shape. Bone ends that have been displaced are moved back into position. The bone may be manipulated through the skin using a local or general anesthetic. The bone may be repositioned by means of an operation in which the site is opened. When the fracture has been placed in proper position, the bone is immobilized to allow the broken pieces to reunite. The ends of the fractured bone may be fixed through the skin and into the bone and kept in position by attachment to an external frame. Once the fracture has healed, the pins and frame are removed.

Chapter 3 Wordle

Cells are the smallest units or building blocks of all living things. There are many structures to the cell: the nucleus, the cytoplasm and many other organelles. Cells vary in size, shape, and function, thus creating cell diversity. Passive transport processes and active transport processes occur throughout the cell membrane. Cell division is a process of which a cell reproduces itself. It starts out with DNA replication. Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase and cytokinesis. RNA and DNA play significant roles in carrying out functions of the cell as well. Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function are called tissues. The four types of tissue are epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle. The classifications by cell arrangement are simple epithelium and stratified epithelium which can further be grouped as squamous, cuboidal, or columnar. The types of connective tissue are: bone, hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, dense fibrous, areolar, adipose, reticular, and blood. The three types of muscle tissue are: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Regeneration is the replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells and fibrosis involves repair by dense connective tissue.

Describe tissue disease

Tissue repair occurs in two major ways: by regeneration and by fibrosis. Regeneration is the replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells. Fibrosis involves repair by dense connective tissue by the formation of scar tissue. Which occurs would depend on the type of tissue damaged and the severity of the injury. First the capillaries become very permeable. Then the granulation tissue forms. Finally the surface epithelium regenerates. Scar tissues do not have the ability to perform the normal functions of the tissue it replaces.